The Philippines is ramping up its military modernization efforts by acquiring additional BrahMos missiles from India, expanding its defense arsenal to counter escalating tensions in the South China Sea. With growing incursions by Chinese vessels in its exclusive economic zone (EEZ), Manila is prioritizing the enhancement of its defense capabilities through strategic partnerships and advanced military hardware acquisitions.
A Multi-Billion Dollar Military Modernization Plan
The Philippines is currently in the third phase of its military modernization initiative, known as “Horizons.” This ambitious program, spanning multiple years, aims to reinforce the country’s defense posture with a budget allocation of $35 billion over the next decade. As part of this effort, the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) has outlined a roadmap that includes acquiring submarines, fighter jets, missile systems, and naval vessels.
BrahMos Missiles: Strengthening the Philippines’ Defense
One of the most significant additions to the Philippine military arsenal is the BrahMos missile system—a supersonic cruise missile jointly developed by India and Russia. In 2022, Manila signed a $375 million deal for the procurement of BrahMos anti-ship missile systems. The country has since confirmed plans to acquire more units to enhance its maritime deterrence.
AFP Chief General Romeo Brawner Jr. emphasized the importance of this missile system, stating, “We are getting more of this system this year and in the coming years.” The BrahMos missile, capable of speeds up to Mach 3 and with a range of approximately 290 kilometers, provides the Philippines with a crucial advantage in safeguarding its territorial waters.
Submarine Acquisition: Strengthening Naval Power
Recognizing the strategic importance of submarine warfare, the Philippines has also set its sights on acquiring at least two submarines. According to General Brawner, “It’s a dream for us to get at least two submarines. We are an archipelago, so we need this capability to defend our waters effectively.”
The acquisition of submarines is seen as a game-changer for the Philippine Navy, enabling it to conduct stealth operations and significantly improve its maritime defense capabilities. While the specific models and suppliers have yet to be confirmed, countries like France, South Korea, and India have emerged as potential sources for the Philippine submarine fleet.
Expanding the Philippine Air Force with Fighter Jets
In addition to missile systems and submarines, the Philippine Air Force is also undergoing significant enhancements. The government has announced plans to acquire at least 40 new fighter jets to strengthen its aerial combat and surveillance capabilities. These aircraft will play a crucial role in defending Philippine airspace and responding to regional threats.
Furthermore, the country is expecting the delivery of two advanced corvette vessels from South Korea this year. This acquisition aligns with South Korea’s move to elevate its diplomatic and defense ties with Manila through a strategic partnership.
Strengthening Regional and Global Military Alliances
As part of its defense strategy, the Philippines is actively engaging with international allies. General Brawner disclosed that Manila is seeking to include South Korea in “The Squad”, a multilateral security alliance consisting of Australia, Japan, the Philippines, and the United States.
This push for regional defense cooperation comes in response to growing tensions with China in the South China Sea. Recent reports indicate an increase in “illegal, coercive, and deceptive” activities by Chinese vessels in the disputed waters. According to General Brawner, “We have seen an increase in the number of Chinese vessels in the West Philippine Sea, rising from 190 ships in 2021 to an average of 286 vessels daily.”
China has previously dismissed allegations of illegal incursions, asserting that its actions in the region are lawful. However, Manila remains vigilant, strengthening its presence through joint maritime patrols and military exercises.
Joint Maritime Activities with Global Powers
To maintain a strong military presence in the West Philippine Sea, the Philippines has intensified joint maritime operations with allied nations. Recently, Manila engaged in a joint maritime patrol with the United States and Canada in its maritime zone. General Brawner also confirmed that the country is exploring similar military collaborations with France, Italy, and the United Kingdom.
These cooperative efforts are aimed at securing freedom of navigation and upholding international maritime law in the region. By engaging in strategic partnerships, the Philippines is ensuring a robust defense posture against external threats.
The South China Sea Dispute: A Persistent Challenge
The South China Sea remains one of the most contested regions in the world. China continues to assert its expansive territorial claims, often clashing with Southeast Asian nations, including the Philippines, Vietnam, and Malaysia. Despite a 2016 ruling by the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague that invalidated China’s claims, Beijing has continued its militarization of artificial islands and expansion into contested waters.
For the Philippines, maintaining control over its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is paramount. The West Philippine Sea, a region within the South China Sea, is rich in natural resources and serves as a crucial maritime trade route. The continuous presence of Chinese vessels in these waters has raised concerns over sovereignty violations and security threats.
Future Outlook: Strengthening the AFP’s Capabilities
As the geopolitical landscape in the Asia-Pacific shifts, the Philippines remains steadfast in its commitment to modernizing its military. The acquisition of BrahMos missiles, submarines, fighter jets, and naval assets marks a significant step toward achieving a self-reliant defense posture.
Moreover, Manila’s engagement with international allies, including the US, Canada, South Korea, France, Italy, and the UK, underscores its strategic approach to ensuring regional stability and security.
With an increasingly assertive China, the Philippines’ military build-up serves as a crucial countermeasure to safeguard its territorial integrity, national security, and maritime sovereignty. As General Brawner affirmed, “Ensuring an effective presence in the South China Sea is our priority, and we will continue working with our allies to achieve this goal.”
Conclusion
The modernization of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) is a clear indication of the country’s determination to protect its sovereignty amid increasing tensions with China. The purchase of BrahMos missiles, submarines, fighter jets, and naval vessels, along with strengthened global partnerships, places the Philippines in a stronger position to safeguard its territorial waters and national security.
As Manila continues its military build-up, its role in regional security will become even more critical. The West Philippine Sea remains a focal point of geopolitical tensions, and the Philippines’ strategic approach to defense modernization will play a key role in maintaining stability in the Indo-Pacific region.
